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AFRICAN HOLOCAUST ARTICLES

Until lions tell their tale, the story of the hunt will always glorify the hunter

African Proverb

Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will

– Frederick Douglass

The most pathetic thing is for a slave who doesn't know that he is a slave

– Malcolm X

Every man is rich in excuses to safeguard his prejudices, his instincts, and his opinions.

– Ancient Egypt

Cowardice asks the question: is it safe? Expediency asks the question: is it political? Vanity asks the question: is it popular? But conscience asks the question: is it right.

– Dr. Martin L. King, Jr

What kind of world do we live in when the views of the oppressed are expressed at the convenience of their oppressors?

– Owen 'Alik Shahadah

We are not Africans because we are born in Africa, we are Africans because Africa is born in us.

– Chester Higgins Jr.

Leave no brother or sister behind the enemy line of poverty.

– Harriet Tubman

MAAFA

FACTS ABOUT AFRICA

AMAZING INFO ABOUT AFRICA & AFRICANS

MOTHERLAND: is an epic and unprecedented entry into the canon of African-owned cinema, which charts the glory and majesty of the Motherland (Enat Hager).

Motherland is a film that unapologetically calls for African unity, self-determination and the African rebirth. ON DVD

Buy now Motherland

This section is dedicated to at a glance facts about Africa. The concept is a Work in Progress and was designed as a research tool which is dedicated to overview of the continent for the purpose of analysis. These facts can be verified by indpendent google Scholar searches.


   

We guestimate that scholars and historians do not even know 10% of total African history. With the average African knowing 0.1% of that 10%

 
African Holocaust Society

Africa has 3000 distinct ethnic groups, 2000 languages. Home to the most genetically diverse people on Earth. So diverse that two Africans are more genetically different from each other than a Chinese and a European are from each other. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.2 million km², it covers six percent of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area. With approximately 58 countries. It occupies a wide dynamic latitude has; deserts, forest, snow, temperate climate, tropics, sub-tropics, lakes, the longest river, lowest point on Earth, mountain ranges. Now we have to ponder over these figures when we have these vulgar sweeping generalizations, which fit all of this diversity into one and two monolithic boxes. There are generalizations, which do define Africa, but almost none that are exclusive to Africans.



* The Afro-Asiatic language family and the Semitic language (Amharic,, Arabic and Hebrew) sub-group originated in East Africa 12,000 years ago. Amharic is (of Ethiopia) is the second most-spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic.

* Mansa Musa (Musa I) greatest legacy, was the hajj which not only caused an economic inflation in Mediterranean but indirectly supplied financial support for the Italian renaissance. His Hajj brought massive development to Ancient Mali by bringing in technology and scholarship from the broader Islamic world. And ultimately resulted in Timbuktu being a center of scholarship for the Islamic world.

* European missionaries called the language Bangala, after the Bangala people, or Lingala. The latter was intended to mean '(language) of the Bangala' or 'of the River' (that is, 'Riverine Language'. However, this was an error, as the proper Bangi form would have been Kingala

* "After a decade of growth in Africa, little change in poverty at the grassroots," is the title of a report by the Afrobarometer research project, which questioned 51,605 respondents in 34 countries from October 2011 to June this year.

* In 1817 only 7 percent of enslaved Barbadian had been born in Africa, whereas in Jamaica the proportion was 36 percent and 44 percent in Trinidad. This stat has consquences for idenity and African culture. For example the proportion of words of African origin in the Barbadian vocabulary is much lower than it is in Jamaica. Also in Barbados none of the religions of African or partly African origin found elsewhere in the Caribbean, such as Voodoo in Haiti, Shango in Trinidad, or Kélé in St. Lucia.

* The spread of e-mail and email harvesting software significantly lowered the cost of sending scam letters by using the Internet. While Nigeria is most often the nation referred to in these scams, they may be originated in other nations as well. For example, in 2006, 61% of Internet criminals were traced to locations in the United States, while 16% were traced to the United Kingdom and 6% to locations in Nigeria.

* Antony Browder is the first African American to fund and coordinate an archaeological dig in Egypt and has lead five archeological missions to Egypt since 2009.

* The modern orchestra has its historical roots in Ancient Egypt. The first orchestras were made up of small groups of musicians that gathered for festivals, holidays or funerals.

* Battle of Kadesh (1274 BC) was perhaps the largest chariot Battle ever fought between Ancient Egypt and The Hittite Empire. Tactical: Egyptian victory, Operational: Egyptian defeat (campaign ended in Egyptian retreat) Strategic: Hittite victory (Hittite Empire expanded southward, to Upi)

* The Igbo were affected heavily by the Atlantic slave trade in the 18th century. Igbo slaves were known for being rebellious and having a high count of suicide in defiance of slavery. (Rucker, Walter C. (2006)) In the United States the Igbo were most numerous in the states of Maryland (coincidentally where there is a predominant population of recent Igbo immigrants)

* Mansa Musa's hajj, which may have even indirectly funded support for the Italian renaissance, was the only time in recorded history that one man directly controlled the price of gold in the Mediterranean.

* Mansa Musa's hajj, which is said by some to have indirectly funded support for the Italian renaissance, was the only is the only time in recorded history that one man directly controlled the price of gold in the Mediterranean

* UN World Health Organization (WHO) announced the pre-qualification of PrePex, the first non-surgical device for adult male circumcision. Compared to surgical circumcision, the device has fewer complications and is easier and quicker to use, allowing lower-cadre medical workers to be trained to perform the procedure. Fourteen African countries in eastern and southern Africa plan on circumcising a total of 20 million men by 2016 in an effort to curb the transmission of HIV

* it is estimated 21 million people are enslaved all over the world (with few country exceptions)? Slave labor contributes to the production of at least 122 goods from 58 countries worldwide. Read

* In Africa mobile phone dominance has gone from 2% in 2000 to over 70% in 2013.

* Hutus and Tutsis genetically different, for one the lactose tolerance of Tutsis being at 90% while the Hutus is 0% indicates they have different origins. They also look different from one another.

* By 350, Aksum conquered the Kingdom of Kush. At its height, Aksum controlled northern Ethiopia, Eritrea, northern Sudan, southern Egypt, Djibouti, Western Yemen, and southern Saudi Arabia, totalling 1.25 million square kilometers.

* Findings confirm there was an indigenous domestication of cotton (G. herbaceum) in Africa which was separate from the domestication of cotton in India.

* The Annual Customs of Dahomey (xwetanu or huetanu in Fon- "yearly head business") were the main yearly celebration in the Kingdom of Dahomey. These ceremonies were largely started under King Agaja around 1730 and involved significant collection and distribution of gifts and tribute, human sacrifice, military parades, and discussions by dignitaries about the future for the kingdom.

* Eritrea is considered the most likely location of the land known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt (or "Ta Netjeru," meaning god's land), whose first mention dates to the 25th century BC

* The Greatest increase in World literacy took place in Africa, where countries with rates in the 30-40% group changed to 50-60%.

* Islands off the west (Atlantic) coast of Africa are: Canary Islands Cape Verde islands Ascension Island St. Helena Tristan de Cunha Off the east (Indian Ocean) coast are Madagascar Reunion (France) Mayotte (France) Seychelles Prince Edward Island Marion Island Comoros Islands Mauritius

* The name "Nubia", which is widely used to designate the people of Kush, is synonymous with the terms "Nobae" or "Noba". The later were Nilo-Saharan people who dominated Kush beginning in the third century AD. Since "Nubia" was a source of gold to the ancient Egyptians, some historians speculate that the term may have originated from the Egyptian word "Nub" meaning "gold".

* The ancient Nubians referred to their land as "Kas" of which the name "Kush" has descended. The name "Kush", as opposed to "Ethiopia", is found in some Biblical sources and sometimes is spelled as "Cush".

* 1,600 year-old cotton from the Qasr Ibrim site in Africa (near Egypt Sudan border) led to a greater understanding of domesticated crop evolution in droughts and climate change. Egyptian cotton, identified as G. herbaceum, showed evidence of significant genomic reorganisation when the ancient and the modern variety were compared.

* The three vibrant Language isolates in Africa are: Bangime spoken in the Dogon Cliffs, Mali Hadza Vibrant, though fewer than 1000 speakers once listed as an outlier among the Khoisan languages. Sandawe Vibrant tentatively linked to the Khoe languages of southern Africa. Language isolate is a language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language.

* In Biblical and Hellenistic sources, the region of Nubia is named "Ethiopia" and is spelled, in some instances, as "Aethiopia". Contemprary historians misreferenced the land of ancient Ethiopia to the modern "Republic of Ethiopia". Recent researches and careful examination of ancient sources indicated the actual location of ancient Ethiopia to be within the political boundries of the modern "Republic of Sudan".

* Africa south of the Sahara, it now seems, was home to a separate and independent invention of iron metallurgy . Iron technology across much of sub-Saharan Africa has an African origin dating to before 1000 BCE

* The original term "Sudd", from which the modern term "Sudan" is derived, refers to a vast expanse of floating water plants or swamps. The earliest mention of the word "Sudd" in reference to modern Sudan appear in the writings of Seneca, who recorded an expedition sent by the Roman Emperor Nero to central Sudan. Later in history, Arab writers, unaware of the origin of the word "Sudan", interpreted the term as being derived from the Arabic word "Soud", meaning "Blacks".

* Serena Williams (an African American) became the World No. 1 for the first time on July 8, 2002, and regained this ranking for the sixth time on February 18, 2013, becoming the oldest world no. 1 player in WTA's history. She is the only female player to have won over $40 million in prize money

* Linguistically no English or Arabic word are used by Africans to describe horses except in Sierra Leone. This indicates that the horse was embedded in African culture before the emergence of African/Islamic cultures in West Africa. (horse domestication happened outside of Africa so this just means the introduction of the horse is earlier than Islam).

* MHDYS (Mehadeyis) was a King of Aksum (c.360) restored Ge'ez as the language used on all his coins. The legend upon his bronze coins, bzmsql tmw ("By this cross you will conquer"), was a loose translation of the famous motto of Emperor Constantine the Great, In hoc signo vinces ("By this sign you will conquer")

* Akhenaten is noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on the Aten, which is sometimes described as monotheistic or henotheistic. Akhenaten is seen as the pioneer of a monotheistic religion that later became Judaism and eventually into Islam.

* Ancient Egypt, though made up of diverse polities, lasted 3000 years. From 3,000 BCE (founding of the First Dynasty), until it was conquered by Persia around 525 BCE.

* In 1311 Abubakari II ruled what was arguably the richest and largest empire on earth - covering nearly all of West Africa. Gaoussou Diawara in his book, 'The Saga of Abubakari II...he left with 2000 boats', the emperor gave up all power and gold to pursue knowledge and discovery. Abubakari's ambition was to explore whether the Atlantic Ocean - like the great River Niger that swept through Mali - had another 'bank'. In 1311, he handed the throne over to his brother, Kankou Moussa, and set off on an expedition into the unknown.

* In 1324, the Mali king Mansa Musa is said to have told the Arabic historian, Al-Umari that "his predecessors had launched two expeditions from West Africa to discover the limits of the Atlantic Ocean.

* Wall paintings found in Ethiopia and Eritrea depicting human activity; some of the older paintings are thought to date back to around 10,000 BC. Making them some of the oldest in Africa. (Pankhurst)

* The expansion of Bantu languages, which started around 5,000 years before present in west/central Africa and spread all throughout sub-Saharan Africa, may represent one of the major and most rapid demographic movements in the history of the human species

* Nitty-Gritty : The first popular belief holds that the term originated from British slave ships and references the loose debris that would fill the bottom of these ships. Some go as far as to say that the term actually referenced the enslaved Africans themselves.

* The Second richest Saudi Arabian in the world is an African Ethiopian, Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi. He is ranked 63rd in the world according to Forbes.

* Seychelles, with an estimated population of 86,525, has the smallest population of any African state

* In South Africa if a man gets a woman pregnant outside of wedlock he is required to pay damages (a fine to the parents) for dishonored the family.

* The West African country of Ghana is home to the largest artificial lake in the world. The damming of the Volta River by the Akosombo Dam in 1965 created Lake Volta, which has a surface area of about 3,275 square miles.

* The history of the alphabet started in ancient Egypt. By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals

* Muslim pilgrims from sub-Saharan Africa also are relatively prevalent: a median of 13% of Muslims surveyed across the region have completed the hajj. This includes about half (48%) in Djibouti, which is relatively close to the Arabian Peninsula. More than a quarter in Liberia (32%), Chad (28%) and Guinea Bissau (27%) also say they have made the pilgrimage. In the other countries surveyed in the region, roughly one-in-five or fewer has been to Mecca. Making Africa the largest hajj going continent outside of the Middle East.

* The Nilotic peoples of Sudan such as the Shilluk and Dinka have been described as some of the tallest in the world. Dinka Ruweng males were on average 1.813 m tall, and Shilluk males reached even 1.826 m. The Nilotic people are characterized as having long legs, narrow bodies and short trunks, an adaptation to hot weather.

* The Trinidad and Tobago energy sector is viewed by many African countries now attempting to develop their national sectors, as an excellent model to learn from and emulate. Government recently approved a new African Initiative, which seeks to build on and broaden the original policy established back in 2008.

* Substantial components of Malagasy material culture (e.g., cattle pastoralism) could be derived only from African sources.

* The entire African continent is emerging, and many countries are growing at twice the rate of South Africa, where the economy grew by just 2.5 percent in 2012. In contrast, other countries like Ghana or Equatorial Guinea, or Nigeria or even the Republic of Congo, are growing at a much faster rate of 6 or even 7 percent.

* Genetically, the pygmies are extremely divergent from all other human populations, suggesting they have an ancient indigenous lineage. Their uniparental markers represent the most ancient divergent ones right after those typically found in Khoisan peoples. African pygmy populations possess high levels of genetic diversity

* Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU) estimates that up to $50b worth of assets is swindled via corruption from Africa annually [1]

* Asthma was recognized in Ancient Egypt and was treated by drinking an incense mixture known as kyphi

* Tallest mountain - Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: 19,340 feet / 5895 meters.

* Lowest point in Africa - Lake Assal in Djibouti which lies at 515 feet (155m) below sea level.

* Largest desert in Africa is - The Sahara Desert, which spans almost 3.5 million square miles (9,000,000 square kilometers). It stretches across North Africa and makes up a large part of a dozen countries.

* The Horn of Africa (esp Somalia) has the world's largest population of camels

* Approx 35% of the enslaved Africans that arrived in the New World were Muslim. [3]

* Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the east of the country in particular, has been described as the "rape capital of the world" and the prevalence and intensity of all forms of sexual violence has been described as the worst in the world.

* The Almoravid destruction of Ghana never happened, it was a legend (boast) of the Almoravids which crept into history [Masonen, Pekka; Fisher, Humphrey J.]

* Barbados is the African majority country to be classified as having a "first world" Human development Index. (HDI). Some developing countries such as Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Brunei, Equatorial Guinea, Trinidad and Tobago and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf have been classified as "Developed countries" by the World Bank.

* Around the 8th century BC, a kingdom known as D'mt was established in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, with its capital at Yeha in northern Ethiopia. Its successor, the Kingdom of Aksum, emerged around the 1st century BC or 1st century AD and grew to be, according to the Persian philosopher Mani described Aksum as one of the four greatest civilizations in the world, along with China, Persia, and Rome (Pankhurst)

* Sub-Saharan Africa has produced very early instances of carbon steel found to be in production around 2000 years before present in northwest Tanzania, based on complex preheating principles. These discoveries, are significant for the history of metallurgy. At the end of the Iron Age, Nubia became a major manufacturer and exporter of iron. This was after being expelled from Egypt by Assyrians, who used iron weapons.

* Rwanda is said to have the higest poverty reduction rate in Africa. It also has one of the highest exponential graduate rates in Africa.

* According to German historian Eduard Glaser, the name "Kaaba" ( most sacred site in Islam) may have been related to the southern Ethiopian word "mikrab", signifying a temple

* Africa's oldest known boat" the Dufuna Canoe was discovered near the region of the River Yobe. The Canoe was discovered by a Fulani herdsman in May 1987, in Dufuna Village while digging a well. The canoe’s “almost black wood”, said to be African mahogany, as “entirely an organic material”. Various Radio-Carbon tests conducted in laboratories of reputable Universities in Europe and America indicate that the Canoe is over 8000 years old, thus making it the oldest in Africa and 3rd oldest in the World. Egypt's oldest known boat is 5000 years old.

* Cuba's direct, extensive, critical and decisive role in the struggle against the apartheid regime in South Africa is little known in the West. we are in the midst of the 25th anniversary of a series of military engagements that profoundly altered the history of southern Africa. In 1987-1988, a decisive series of battles occurred around the southeastern Angolan town of Cuito Cuanavale. When it occurred, these battles were the largest military engagements in Africa since the North African battles of the Second World War. Arrayed on one side were the armed forces of Cuba, Angola and the South West African People's Organization (SWAPO), on the other, the South African Defense Forces, military units of the Union for the Total National Independence of Angola (UNITA - the South African proxy organization) and the South African Territorial Forces of Namibia (then still illegally occupied by Pretoria). Cuba's example is a profound challenge to those who believe and argue that only real politick, national self-interest and the pursuit of power and wealth are - and can be - the only guides, determinants and sources of foreign policy.

* South Africa is the only African country without a proper name.

* 90% of the Nile, which allowed the rise of the Ancient Egyptian Nation comes from the Blue Nile in Ethiopia. Lake Tana is its source. But due to the British colonial policy Egypt takes a lion share of the development potential of this resources.[4]

* 400 ships from the Mali Empire discovered a land across the ocean to the West after being swept off course by ocean currents. Only one ship returned, and the captain reported the discovery of a western current to Prince Abubakari II; the off-course Mali fleet of 400 ships is said to have conducted both trade and warfare with the peoples of the western lands. It is claimed that Abubakari II abdicated his throne and set off to explore these western lands. In 1324, the Mali king Mansa Musa is said to have told the Arabic historian, Al-Umari that "his predecessors had launched two expeditions from West Africa to discover the limits of the Atlantic Ocean."

* Cocaine use spreads to the African Americans Communities where it is initially used by Dockers in New Orleans to enable them to work harder for longer. This is how cocain was first identified as harmful when the so-called "crazed Negro" was justification for much anti-African racism and killings. Shoot to kill was the order because apparently Cocaine made the African super African. [4]

* Lesotho is the only country in Africa completely surrounded by one country, it is 1/3 in the world. All the others are surrounded by Italy (Vatican City and San Marino).

* Ibogaine is used in medicinal and ritual purposes within African spiritual traditions of the Bwiti, who learned it from the so-called  Pygmy people. Ibogaine is an experiment "instant" cure for opiate addiction. But it is illegal in USA. The drug companies make more money off of using inferior solutions that prolong addict dependency to opiates. Not to mention no African profits from this product despite being the ones who discovered its general benefits.

* A decade ago Gabon set aside 10% of its land for national parks. A Unique conservationist move by the late Omar Bongo. It wanted to become a magnet for eco-tourists. Today Gabon has one of the largest proportions of nature parkland in the world

* The national archives in Addis Ababa is one of the institutions benefiting the beginnings of the country's technology revolution, with the digitisation of their catalogues by a local Ethiopian software company

* Our survey shows that local South African adverts have a 85% White representation. With the exception of Africans being 86% represented in alcohol adverts. 97% of mainstream South African films are owned, produced and directed by non-Africans.

* 90% of the wealth of Botswana is under White/European ownership

* The Osu caste system in Nigeria and southern Cameroon, can be traced back to an indigenous religious belief system, practiced within the Igbo nation. It is the belief of many Igbo traditionalists that the Osus are people historically owned by deities, and are therefore considered to be a 'living sacrifice', an outcaste, untouchable and sub-human (similar to the Roman practice of homo sacer).

* One of the youngest Mothers : Mum-Zi 8 years, 4 months Chief Akkiri Nigeria Mum-Zi was a member of Chief Akkiri's harem on the island of Calabar. Her daughter also gave birth extremely early, making Mum-Zi a grandmother at age 17. August 1893 Zi 8 years, 8 months A relative or familiar of Chief Akkiri Nigeria Zi, Mum-Zi's daughter, became a mother at the age of 8 years 8 months.

* Hanish Islands conflict, was a dispute between Yemen and Eritrea over the island of Greater Hanish in the Red Sea, one of the largest in the then disputed Zukur-Hanish archipelago. Fighting took place over three days from 15 December to 17 December 1995 resulting in an Eritrian victory. In 1998 the Permanent Court of Arbitration determined that the most of archipelago belonged to Yemen. According to Yemeni sources, the Eritrean operation may have been directed by Israeli officers. Sources close to the office of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh claimed that "several Israelis" had directed the operation, including a Lieutenant-Colonel named as Michael Duma. This claim was based on several coded messages in Hebrew allegedly intercepted by Yemeni intelligence

* In the UK out of 14,000 British professors – but only 50 are African or Asian.

* Native African religions did not have principled disagreement with slavery, slavery was a penal system in parts of Africa until the Transatlantic slave trade corrupted it.

* Sudan has more pyramids than any other country on earth - even more than Egypt. There are at least 223 pyramids in the Sudanese cities of Al Kurru, Nuri, Gebel Barkal and Meroë. They are generally 20 to 30 metres high and steep sided.

* Islam is the fastest growing religion in Rwanda after the genocide, due to the protection/refugee Muslims gave persecuted people during the genocide.

* Ancient Egyptian language have been dated from about 3,200 BC, making it one of the oldest recorded languages known.

*Judaism has been in Africa for around 3000 Years, Christianity in Ethiopia for 2000 Years and Islam for 1400 years.[2][5]

*Fasilides dispatched an embassy to India in 1664-5 to congratulate Aurangzeb upon his accession to the throne of the Mughal Empire.

* The word Banana, Jazz, Okay are all from West Africa

* African leaders have caused the continent to loose between 0.6T$ to 1.4 trillion $ from 1980 to 2010. Dambisa Moyo in her book "Dead Aid" put also that figure around 1T$ since Independence.


SOUTH AFRICA

  • South Africa has the highest number of people infected with HIV in the world
  • South Africa has "one of the highest per capita alcohol consumption rates in the world".
  • violence against  women, including sexual violence, is widespread in South Africa. In a large survey, more than four-in-ten South African men reported to have been physically violent to an intimate partner
  • Two out of five male South African pupils say they have been raped, *by either men or women or both” according to a study suggesting sexual abuse of boys is endemic in the country's schools.
  • South Africa has a high rate of murders, assaults, rapes, and other crimes compared to most countries
  • According to the UN, South Africa  has the highest  peacetime rapes per capita in the entire world. It is called the rape capital of the world.
  • Half of all road accidents in South Africa were the result of drunkenness (MRC). 80% of prime time advertising is alcohol related content.




Country

Official
Algeria Arabic, 
Berber languages, four dialects (by constitutional amendment)
French
Angola Portuguese Narrow Bantu like Umbundu and other African languages.
Benin French Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north).
Botswana Setswana (national language with minor differences in dialects), English is the official business language and it is widely spoken in urban areas.  
Burkina Faso French Native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population.
Burundi Kirundi, French Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area).
Cameroon English, French 24 major African language groups.
Cape Verde Portuguese Kabuverdianu (Crioulo) (a blend of Portuguese and West African words).
Central African Republic French, Sangho (lingua franca and national language) Banda, Gbaya and other tribal languages.
Chad French, Arabic Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects.
Comoros Arabic, French Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic).
Democratic Republic of the Congo French Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba.
Congo, Republic of the French Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread).
Côte d'Ivoire French 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken.
Djibouti French, Arabic Somali, Afar
Egypt Arabic English and French widely understood by educated classes.
Equatorial Guinea Spanish, French pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo.
Eritrea Tigrinya (Tigrigna), Arabic, English Tigré (second major language), Afar, Bedawi, Kunama, other Cushitic languages.
Ethiopia Amharic Tigrinya, Oromo, Gurage, Somali, Arabic, 80 other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
Gabon French Bantu languages like Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi.
Gambia, The English Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars.
Ghana English African languages (including Akan, Adangme, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Guinea French (spoken by 15-20%) Eight national languages, Soussou (Susu, in coastal Guinea), Peulh (Fulani, in Northrn Guinea), Maninka (Upper Guinea), Kissi (Kissidougou Region), Toma and Guerze (Kpelle) in rain forest Guinea; plus various ethnic groups with their own language.
Guinea-Bissau Portuguese Crioulo (a mixture of Portuguese and African), other African languages.
Kenya English, Kiswahili numerous indigenous languages.
Lesotho Sesotho (southern Sotho), English Zulu, Xhosa.
Liberia English 20% some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence.
Libya Arabic Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities.
Madagascar French, Malagasy  
Malawi English, Nyanja (Chichewa, Chewa) Lomwe, Tumbuka, Yao, other languages important regionally.
Mali French Bambara (Bamanakan), Arabic and numerous dialects of Dogoso, Fulfulde, Koyracini, Senoufou, and Mandinka/Malinké (Maninkakan), Tamasheq are also widely spoken.
Mauritania Arabic Hassaniya Arabic, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof, French
Mauritius English, French Creole, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Morocco Arabic Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy.
Mozambique Portuguese (spoken by 27% of population as a second language) Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages.
Namibia English 7% Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama.
Niger French Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria English Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, Ijaw, Ibibio and about 250 other indigenous languages spoken by the different ethnic groups.
Réunion French Creole widely used
Rwanda Rwanda (Kinyarwanda, Bantu vernacular) French, English Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers.
Saint Helena English  
São Tomé and Príncipe Portuguese  
Senegal French Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Seychelles English, French Creole
Sierra Leone English (regular use limited to literate minority) Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Somalia Somali Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, Pedi, Sesotho (Sotho), siSwati (Swazi), Xitsonga (Tsonga), Tswana, Tshivenda (Venda), isiXhosa, isiZulu
Sudan/South Sudan Arabic Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English. note: program of "Arabization" in process
Swaziland English (government business conducted in English), siSwati  
Tanzania, United Republic of Kiswahili (Swahili), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education) Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), Gogo, Haya, Makonde, Nyakyusa, Nyamwezi, Sukuma, Tumbuka, many other local languages.
Togo French (the language of commerce) Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Tunisia Arabic (and the languages of commerce) French (commerce)
Uganda English (used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts) Ganda (Luganda; most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Acoli, Swahili, Arabic
Western Sahara   Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Zambia English major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages.
Zimbabwe English Chishona (Shona), Sindebele (Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects like: Sotho and Nambya, Shangani, Venda, Chewa, Nyanja, and Tonga.


* Spillane, Joseph F. (2000). Cocaine: From Medical Marvel to Modern Menace in the United States, 1884-1920. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins Uacniversity Press. pp. 91.

African Kings African Kings African Kings
     

   
We are living in a time when image-making has become a science. Someone can create a certain image and then use that image to twist your mind and lead you right up a blind path
 
Malcolm X


   
"white" depends for its stability on its negation, "black." Neither exists without the other, and both come into being at the moment of imperial conquest.
 
Franz Fanon

 
   
You cannot measure an African success with a European ruler
 
' Alik Shahadah

 

 
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